preemption

preemption
/priyem(p)shan/ Doctrine adopted by U.S. Supreme Court holding that certain matters are of such a national, as opposed to local, character that federal laws preempt or take precedence over state laws. As such, a state may not pass a law inconsistent with the federal law. Examples are federal laws governing interstate commerce.
- supremacy clause.
As applied to state action versus local action, "preemption" means that where legislature has adopted scheme for regulation of given subject, local legislative control over such phases of subject as are covered by state regulation ceases. Hutchcraft Van Service, Inc. v. City of Urbana Human Relations Commission, 60 111. Dec. 532, 536, 104 Ill.App.3d 817, 433 N.E.2d 329, 333.
In international law, the right of pre-emption was formerly the right of a nation to detain the merchandise of strangers passing through her territories or seas, in order to afford to her subjects the preference of purchase.
In old English law, the first buying of a thing. A privilege formerly enjoyed by the crown, of buying up provisions and other necessaries, by the intervention of the king's purveyors, for the use of his royal household, at an appraised valuation, in preference to all others, and even without consent of the owner
@ preemption claimant
One who has settled upon land subject to pre-emption, with the intention to acquire title to it, and has complied, or is proceeding to comply, in good faith, with the requirements of the law to perfect his right to it. Hosmer v. Wallace, 97 U.S. 575, 581, 24 L.Ed. 1130.
See preemption right
@ preemption doctrine
See preemption
@ preemption entry
See entry
@ preemption right
A privilege accorded by the government to the actual settler upon a certain limited portion of the public domain, to purchase such tract at a fixed price to the exclusion of all other applicants. Nix v. Allen, 112 U.S. 129, 5 S.Ct. 70, 28 L.Ed. 675.
One who, by settlement upon the public land, or by cultivation of a portion of it, has obtained the right to purchase a portion of the land thus settled upon or cultivated, to the exclusion of all other persons
@

Black's law dictionary. . 1990.

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  • PRÉEMPTION — Faculté conférée à une personne, par la loi ou par un contrat, d’acquérir un bien par préférence à une autre. Les codes de certains pays étrangers ont des dispositions générales sur la préemption (Allemagne fédérale, Autriche). En France, cette… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • preemption — pre·emp·tion /prē emp shən/ n [Medieval Latin praeemption praeemptio previous purchase, from praeemere to buy before] 1 a: the right of purchasing before others: preemptive right b: a right to purchase a tract of public land before others that… …   Law dictionary

  • Preemption — or pre emption may refer to: Legal Federal preemption, displacement of U.S. state law by U.S. Federal law Preemption is also sometimes used in the United States to refer to the displacing effect state laws might have on ordinances enacted by… …   Wikipedia

  • Preemption — Pre*[ e]mp tion (?; 215), n. [Pref. pre + emption: cf. F. pr[ e]emption. See {Redeem}.] The act or right of purchasing before others. Specifically: (a) The privilege or prerogative formerly enjoyed by the king of buying provisions for his… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • preemption — ☆ preemption or pre emption [prē emp′shən ] n. [< ML preemptus, pp. of preemere, to buy beforehand < L prae , before (see PRE ) + emere, to buy (see REDEEM)] 1. the act or right of buying land, etc. before, or in preference to, others; esp …   English World dictionary

  • preemption — /pree emp sheuhn/, n. the act or right of claiming or purchasing before or in preference to others. Also, pre emption. [1595 1605; < ML praeëmpt(us) bought beforehand (ptp. of praeëmere) + ION. See PRE , EMPTOR] * * * U.S. policy that allowed the …   Universalium

  • Préemption — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom.  Ne doit pas être confondu avec péremption. La préemption peut désigner: En informatique, la préemption est la capacité d un système d exploitation… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • préemption — (pré an psion) s. f. Action d acheter d avance.    Droit de préemption, droit qui consiste à pouvoir prendre ou revendiquer parfois un objet avant toutes autres personnes. •   Il y a des cas où certains propriétaires ont le droit de préemption… …   Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré

  • PRÉEMPTION — n. f. Action d’acheter d’avance. Droit de préemption, Droit de prendre ou de revendiquer en payant un objet avant toute autre personne. Il se dit, en termes d’Administration, du Droit que la douane revendique, d’acheter, au prix déclaré, une… …   Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 8eme edition (1935)

  • preemption — preempt pre‧empt [priːˈempt] also pre empt verb [transitive] to make what someone else has planned to do or say unnecessary, impossible, or ineffective by doing or saying something first: • The salesperson may try to pre empt the customer s… …   Financial and business terms

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